gagal jantung

Pe↑ kecepatan denyut jantung

Pe↑ volume sekuncup

Pe↑ TPR

↓

Tidak dikompensasi

↓

Hipertensi

Pe↑ afterlood berlangsung lama

↓

Ventrikel kiri hipertropi miokard

↓

Kebutuhan ventrikel O₂ me↑

↓

Ventrikel kiri harus memompa lebih keras

↓

Dilatasi pada otot jantung→cardiomegali

↓

Pe↓ kontraktilitas dan volume sekuncup

↓

Gagal jantung sinistra

   

               

Bendungan di vena pulmonalis               Darah terus dipompa kedlm                             Curah jantung↓                      Curah jantung me↓                Turbulensi aliran darah            Curah drh me↓           Kecepatan aliran drh  

       keperifer ↓

                                                                       paru oleh jantung                                                                                                                                                                                                     ↓

                 ↓                                                             ↓                                                            ↓                                           ↓                                            ↓                                    ↓                Desaturasi Hd terhambat→ O₂ ber- kedlm tbh

        Distensi vena                                  Pemompaan tidak adekuat                        Tekanan arteri↓& kontriksi          Kompensasi tubuh utk                 Penyempitan kritis katup      aliran drh dialirkan                   ↓                        ↓

                                                                                                                                                                                                           me↑ curah jantung                                                                        dr organ non vital              O₂ ke jar.                       Met. me↓

                   perifer berkurang         keringat dingin

                 ↓                                                             ↓                                      Simpatis yg kuat pada arteriol                       ↓                                           ↓                                                                                                                                    ↓                              ↓                      ↓

Pendarahan vena bronchial            Pe↓ darah masuk ke sirkulasi sistemik                        & Aferen ginjal              Merangsang sis. saraf simpatis    Regurgitasi aliran darah       untuk mempertahankan      Sianosis perifer        akral dingin

                   ↓                                                         ↓                                                    ↓                                             ↓                                           ↓                      perfusi kejantung & keotak

       Batuk darah                                  Tekanan pengisian paru me↑                     Tekanan gromerulus me↓                     Takikardi                             Suara murmur                           ↓

                                                                                                ↓                                                       ↓                                             ↓                                                                 Perfusi pada otot rangka me↓

                                                                    Vol. Darah di paru me ↑  → cracles     Pe↓ filtrasi dari glomerulus         Saat pengisian distolik me↓                                                          ↓

                                                                                                ↓                                                                 ↓                                                      ↓                                                                                               lelah                                                                                                          Cairan merembes dr kapiler                  produksi urin me↓                    curah jantung me↓                                                                          ↓           

                                                                                      ↓                                                                                                                    ↓                                                                                          Gelisah

Cairan msk kedlm interstisial→ napas cepat dan dangkal                                             TD↓                                                       ( pe↓ curah jantung ke otak, hipoksia)

                                                                                      dan alveoli                                                                     

                                                                                ↓

                                                                Odema paru               

                                                                                                ↓

                                                                                Difusi O₂ dan CO₂  tdkt’jadi

                                                                                                ↓

                                                                                Sesak napas (dispne)